Edinburgh city, Scotland:

Edinburgh  is the capital and second most populous city in Scotland, it is situated on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth in the Lothian region, the city dates back to earlier than the 7th century. The population was 482,640 as of 2012, with an estimated urban population of 817,800, making it home to around 15.4% of Scotland's population. The University of Edinburgh is one of four universities located in Edinburgh, it is ranked among the world's top 20 universities,  making the city a Scottish academic hub.

From its prehistoric beginning as a hill fort, following periods of Celtic and Germanic influence, Edinburgh became part of the Kingdom of Scotland during the 10th century. With burgh charters granted by David I and Robert the Bruce, Edinburgh grew through the Middle Ages as Scotland’s biggest merchant town. By the time of the European Renaissance and the reign of James IV it was well-established as Scotland's capital. The 16th century Scottish Reformation and 18th century Scottish Enlightenment were formative periods in the history of the city, which played a central role in both. While political power shifted to London following the Treaty of Union in 1707, devolution in 1997 has resulted in the return of a Scottish Parliament.

Edinburgh has a high proportion of independent schools, one college and four universities. The University of Edinburgh (which now includes Edinburgh College of Art) is the biggest university in Scotland and ranked 17th in the world. These institutions help provide a highly educated population and drive a dynamic economy. Edinburgh generates a high GVA per capita (the highest of any UK city in 2009), was the UK's most competitive city in 2010 and was named European Best Large City of the Future for Foreign Direct Investment by fDi magazine in 2012/13.

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