Temperate forests,southern hemisphere:

Temperate forests correspond to forest concentrations formed in the northern and southern hemisphere, or in temperate regions. Main characteristics include: wide leaves, large and tall trees and non seasonal vegetation. Temperate forests can be further distinguished by weather patterns and geographical features that favor the predominance of certain kinds of trees. In temperate coniferous forests, evergreen conifers predominate, while in temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, a more even distribution exists between evergreen and deciduous trees. Temperate deciduous forests, a subgroup of temperate broadleaf forests, consist of trees that lose their leaves every year. Finally, temperate rainforests typically have heavy rainfall and dense humidity.

In the temperate region, winters are mild and rainfall is moderate.The forests have trees, scrubs and bushes.There is less undergrowth. Most of the trees are deciduous, which shed their leaves during the autumn. In some areas, the deciduous trees are replaced by coniferous trees. The main trees found in these forests are oak, ash, maple, birch, beech, poplar, elm and pine. In many areas, forests have been cleared to make way for cultivation. Hardwood evergreen trees which are widely spaced and are found in the Mediterranean region are olive, cork, oak, and stone pine.Tannins of tropical woods tend to be of a catechin nature rather than of the gallic type present in temperate woods.

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